Indonesian Folklore (Folklor Indonesia): Tales from Nusantara (Archipelago): East Java

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Damar Wulan

Damar Wulan and the Gada Wesi Kuning: A Javanese Legend of Heroism, Love, and Destiny

Edisi Indonesia: Damar Wulan dan Gada Wesi Kuning

Folklore from East Java

The Young Grass Cutter

A gentle breeze swept across the courtyard of the Kepatihan of Majapahit, carrying the scent of damp earth and fresh leaves from the previous night’s rain. Under the shade of towering trees in the palace gardens, a young man with sun-kissed skin, a strong build, and eyes burning with determination was gathering fresh green grass for the royal horses.

His name was Damar Wulan. He was but a humble grass cutter, a simple youth living far from the riches of the court. Yet, there was something different about him. His gaze was sharp, reflecting a courage yet to be tested. His steps were swift, revealing a body accustomed to movement. His heart burned with resolve, as if fate had written a great destiny awaiting him.

To others, he may have seemed like just another servant of the palace. But within his veins flowed the spirit of a warrior—a legacy that would soon change his life forever.

One day, Anjasmara, the daughter of Patih Loh Gender, secretly observed him from behind her window.

"Why would Father make this handsome young man work as a mere grass cutter? His face doesn’t look like that of a commoner… There is something different about him," she murmured to herself.

Curious, she approached Damar Wulan, who was tying a bundle of grass.

"Hey, you! What are you doing here?" Her voice was clear, filled with curiosity.

Damar Wulan was startled but quickly bowed respectfully. "I am simply carrying out my duty, Gusti Putri. Gathering grass for the royal horses."

Anjasmara smiled slightly. "Your name is Damar Wulan, isn’t it? I have heard about you… I want to know more."

From that day on, Anjasmara often spoke with him. Her heart grew fond of his sincerity and courage. But their story had only just begun…

A Command from the Queen

Inside the grand palace of Majapahit, Queen Kencono Wungu sat upon her golden throne. Her face was beautiful yet commanding. Before her, the royal advisors engaged in a serious discussion.

"Blambangan is growing stronger, Your Majesty. Menak Jinggo refuses to submit and continues to attack our border villages," one of the advisors reported.

Queen Kencono Wungu sighed. "I rejected his marriage proposal, and now he seeks to take Majapahit by force… We need a hero to defeat him."

Just then, a divine whisper reached her ears:

"A warrior shall come—a mere grass cutter, yet he shall be the one to vanquish Menak Jinggo…"

The queen’s eyes widened. "Summon Damar Wulan!"

A Perilous Mission to Blambangan

Days later, Damar Wulan stood ready. His sword was unsheathed, his attire simple. Yet in his heart, there was a courage that could not be shaken.

Before he could leave, Anjasmara ran after him. "Damar! I don’t want you to go… It’s too dangerous!"

Damar Wulan smiled gently. "This is my destiny, Anjasmara. I must do this for Majapahit."

She grasped his hand tightly. "Then promise me… You will return to me."

Damar Wulan nodded firmly. "I promise."

And so, his journey to Blambangan began, where the ruthless ruler Menak Jinggo awaited…

Menak Jinggo and the Wesi Kuning Mace

Inside the grand palace of Blambangan, Menak Jinggo roared with laughter. His face was fierce, his body large and powerful. In his hand, he wielded a magical mace called Wesi Kuning—a weapon that made him invincible.

"Majapahit sent a mere boy to fight me? Hahaha! This will be easy!"

Damar Wulan arrived at the gates of Blambangan, disguised as an envoy. With wit and cunning, he managed to infiltrate the palace. But inside, he encountered Waeta and Puyengan, two of Menak Jinggo’s beautiful concubines.

Waeta eyed him suspiciously. "You are not a Blambangan soldier… Who are you really?"

Damar Wulan stepped closer. "I have not come for war… but to end evil. I need your help."

Puyengan fell silent before finally saying, "If you can defeat Menak Jinggo, we will aid you. But know this… he cannot be defeated without the Wesi Kuning Mace."

Using his intelligence, Damar Wulan successfully stole the enchanted mace. That night, under the moonlit sky, he challenged Menak Jinggo to a duel.

A fierce battle erupted!

Boom!

The Wesi Kuning Mace clashed against Damar Wulan’s sword.

Crash!

Damar Wulan was nearly thrown back, but with a swift, decisive strike, he managed to knock Menak Jinggo to the ground!

Menak Jinggo lay defeated. "No… This cannot be…!"

With one final slash, Damar Wulan claimed victory.

Return to Majapahit

His triumph led Damar Wulan back to Majapahit, carrying Menak Jinggo’s head as proof of his victory.

In the palace, Queen Kencono Wungu smiled in satisfaction. "Damar Wulan… You have saved Majapahit. As promised, you shall be my consort."

Among the crowd, Anjasmara lowered her gaze. Her heart ached with sorrow.

Damar Wulan turned to face the queen, then looked toward Anjasmara. "Your Majesty, allow me to remain with Anjasmara. I wish to serve Majapahit… but also to protect my love."

Queen Kencono Wungu was silent for a moment before nodding gently. "You truly are different, Damar Wulan… Very well. You may choose your own destiny."

From that day forward, Damar Wulan was known as one of the greatest heroes of Majapahit.

Conclusion

The legend of Damar Wulan is a timeless tale of bravery, cleverness, and unwavering love. He was not merely a grass cutter but a warrior destined to bring peace to Majapahit.

For a true knight is not measured solely by his strength in battle… but by the depth of his love and the sacrifices he makes to protect what is dear to him.

🎇 Moral Lessons from the Legend of Damar Wulan 🎇

🔹 Courage and perseverance lead to greatness.
Damar Wulan was just a humble grass cutter, but through bravery and determination, he became a hero of Majapahit.

🔹 Wisdom is mightier than sheer strength.
He did not rely solely on physical power but used his intelligence to steal the Wesi Kuning Mace and defeat Menak Jinggo.

🔹 A true warrior fights not for power, but for love and justice.
Damar Wulan chose loyalty to Anjasmara over ambition, proving that a sincere heart is the most valuable treasure of all.

Tari Topeng Kaliwungu (Kaliwungu Mask Dance)

Tari Topeng Kaliwungu: A Cultural Legacy of Pandhalungan from Lumajang

Edisi Indonesia: Tari Topeng Kaliwungu

Tari Topeng Kaliwungu is a traditional dance from Lumajang Regency, East Java, celebrated for its distinctive movements and profound philosophical values. This cultural gem originates from the fusion of Madura and Javanese traditions, embodying the richness of Pandhalungan, a term that signifies the harmonious blending of cultures between the two regions. This unique synthesis gives the dance a dual character, combining the bold and expressive movements typical of Madurese art with the fluid elegance of Javanese tradition.

The emergence of Tari Topeng Kaliwungu can be traced back to the 1940s when the Madurese people migrated to Lumajang, bringing their artistic heritage with them. Over time, these influences merged with local traditions to create a dance form that not only showcases cultural beauty but also serves as a medium for storytelling and moral reflection. The dance often incorporates dramatic and precise movements known as cakilan, characterized by sharp gestures of the hands and head, blending strength with subtlety.

Beyond its captivating performance, Tari Topeng Kaliwungu carries a profound philosophical message: no matter how flawed or imperfect a person may seem, there is always kindness and softness within their heart. This timeless moral resonates deeply with audiences, making the dance more than just a performance—it is a celebration of human nature and cultural identity. Today, Tari Topeng Kaliwungu is performed during various traditional ceremonies, festivals, weddings, and other important events, continuing to preserve and share the legacy of Pandhalungan culture.

Distinctive Movements and Philosophy

This dance is a solo performance featuring a mask as its primary property. Its unique movements, called cakilan, are characterized by sharp and dynamic motions of the hands and head, reflecting the style of Mataraman culture. Nevertheless, Tari Topeng Kaliwungu combines two distinct elements:

Persistence and assertiveness, representing the traits of Madurese culture.
Gentleness and gracefulness, hallmarking Javanese culture.

This blend of movements creates a mesmerizing harmony, conveying a message about the balance between strength and tenderness in life.

Historical Narrative of Tari Topeng Kaliwungu

Thematically, Tari Topeng Kaliwungu tells the story of Arya Wiraraja, a prominent figure from the 13th century who became the Regent of Sumenep and later moved to Lumajang to establish the Lamajang Tigang Juru Kingdom, a significant region in the history of the archipelago. Arya Wiraraja, also known as Banyak Wide, was a strategic figure who played a crucial role in key historical events of his time. As an advisor to the Singhasari Kingdom and a cousin of King Kertanegara, he was deeply involved in the political dynamics that shaped the direction of the kingdoms in East Java.

Arya Wiraraja became a central figure in historical events such as the fall of the Singhasari Kingdom, the death of King Kertanegara in 1292, and the rise of Raden Wijaya, who later founded the Majapahit Kingdom in 1293. Arya Wiraraja’s intelligence and tactical skills earned him respect as a leader who could devise political strategies with precision. He is also known as the mastermind behind strategies that led to the success of Raden Wijaya in conquering Kadiri and establishing the Majapahit empire.

Not only Arya Wiraraja, but his sons, such as Ranggalawe and Nambi, also played key roles in history, continuing their father’s legacy in politics and leadership. Ranggalawe was known as a brave general, while Nambi held important positions in the Majapahit era. This family’s story is filled with political intrigue, courage, and loyalty, creating a colorful narrative in the history of the archipelago.

Tari Topeng Kaliwungu draws inspiration from the life journey of Arya Wiraraja and his family, encapsulating it in a performance art rich in symbolism. The firm and expressive movements in this dance reflect Arya Wiraraja's character as a strong leader, while the gentle movements characteristic of Javanese culture symbolize his wisdom and emotional depth. Through Tari Topeng Kaliwungu, the audience is not only treated to the beauty of the art form but also reminded of the values of leadership, bravery, and harmony in facing challenges.

Function and Performances

Tari Topeng Kaliwungu is not merely a form of entertainment but also a gesture of respect showcased during various traditional and social events, such as:

Carnivals
Weddings
Circumcision ceremonies
Welcoming esteemed guests
Other cultural and traditional ceremonies

The beauty of this dance lies not only in its artistic movements but also in the moral lessons and historical values it conveys.

Tari Topeng Kaliwungu is a testament to the richness of Pandhalungan culture, continually preserved and celebrated. Through this dance, the people of Lumajang uphold the history and noble values passed down from generation to generation—a living proof that art and culture can serve as bridges to understand and appreciate harmony within diversity.

The Origin of Javanese Script

Legend of Aji Saka: The Tale of Bravery and the Birth of Javanese Script

Edisi Indonesia: Asal Mula Huruf Jawa

Folklore from East Java

Long ago in Medang Kamulan, a young and powerful man named Aji Saka journeyed with his two loyal companions, Dora and Sembada. Along the way, they paused in the Kendeng Mountains. Aji Saka entrusted his sacred dagger to Sembada, instructing him to guard it and never surrender it to anyone except himself. Continuing their journey without Sembada, Aji Saka later asked Dora to stay behind as he ventured on alone.

In Medang Kamulan, Aji Saka, with his extraordinary powers, defeated Prabu Dewata Cengkar, known for preying on humans. After saving the people, Aji Saka remembered his sacred dagger. He sought out Dora and asked him to retrieve it from Sembada. Fulfilling Aji Saka's command, Dora headed to reunite with his friend in the Kendeng Mountains.

Upon meeting, Dora expressed his intention to retrieve the sacred dagger. However, Sembada, honoring Aji Saka's command, refused to surrender it. Their loyal commitment to Aji Saka clashed, leading to a dispute and eventually a fierce battle between the two devoted companions. Meanwhile, Aji Saka, concerned about Dora's delay, rushed to the Kendeng Mountains.

Arriving at the scene, Aji Saka was dismayed to find his loyal companions lying lifeless, having fought each other to the death. Overwhelmed with grief and guilt for the tragedy that unfolded due to his initial command, Aji Saka paid tribute to their loyalty. He inscribed a few lines on a stone that read: "Ha Na Ca Ra Ka = ono wong loro (there are two people), Da Ta Sa Wa La = podho kerengan (both are fighting), Pa Dha Ja Ya Nya = podho joyone (both are equally strong), Ma Ga Ba Tha Nga = mergo dadi bathang lorone (hence both became corpses/died because of their equal strength)." These inscriptions, representing Aji Saka's homage to Dora and Sembada, would later be recognized as the Javanese script.

This tale honors the sacrifice and loyalty of two companions while highlighting the consequences of misunderstanding and the birth of the Javanese script from Aji Saka's remorseful tribute.

Moral Message: Clear Communication and the Significance of Loyalty

This story emphasizes the crucial role of clear understanding and effective communication, showcasing how even among trustworthy and loyal individuals, misunderstandings can arise. Placing emphasis on clarity and comprehension in the delivery and reception of messages can avert unnecessary conflicts or tragedies. Additionally, it underscores the importance of respecting and comprehending the instructions given by others, highlighting the invaluable role of loyalty in executing these orders.

Cupak Ajak Gerantang

Pursuing Justice: The Tale of Honesty and Destiny in Cupak Invites Gerantang

Edisi Bahasa Indonesia: Cupak Ajak Gerantang

Folklore from Bali, East Java, and Lombok

In a small village in Kediri, there lived two brothers named I Cupak and I Grantang. They had very different personalities, even though they grew up in the same environment. I Cupak was less diligent and tended to spend his time playing and having fun, while I Grantang, the older brother, was known as a hardworking, enthusiastic young man who always put in the effort. I Grantang's success in everything he did was a result of his dedication and perseverance, while I Cupak often relied on luck and avoided hard work. The contrast between them reflected how attitudes and actions can shape a person's destiny.

One day, when it was time to plow the fields, I Grantang diligently prepared his cows and began plowing the land. He worked tirelessly throughout the day, striving to ensure that their fields were fertile and ready for harvest. On the other hand, I Cupak chose to have fun and ignored his responsibilities. He played all day, paying no attention to the tasks that needed to be done. However, when it was time to go home, I Cupak cunningly pretended that he had finished his work first, leaving I Grantang still busy cleaning his cows. Although this was a small act, he was already beginning to make a habit of deceiving for personal gain.

Not long after, bad news arrived in their village. Rumors spread about I Benaru, a terrifying monster that threatened the safety of the village. According to local folklore, I Benaru was a creature not only frightening but also possessed extraordinary powers, capable of destroying the village with a single strike. The king heard of this and sent out a call for heroes to fight the creature. This was an opportunity for anyone to demonstrate true courage.

I Grantang, always ready to protect his village, immediately volunteered to fight the monster. With courage and determination, he set off for the cave where I Benaru lived. I Cupak, despite lacking true bravery, saw this opportunity as a way to gain fame. Cunningly, he began spreading false stories about his involvement in the battle against the monster, claiming that he had defeated I Benaru, even though he had never participated in the fight.

However, as in many tales, the truth eventually came to light. The true bravery of I Grantang, who fought the monster, could not be hidden by I Cupak's lies. The villagers soon realized that it was I Grantang who had saved them, while I Cupak could only hide behind his false stories. In life, honesty is always more valuable than deceit.

I Grantang, with all his goodness and bravery, was rewarded with protection from the king and unexpected happiness. He was seen as a true hero, who valued goodness above all else. On the other hand, I Cupak, who had relied on lies and deceit, had to face the consequences of his actions. He was left without support and became an example to anyone who sought success through shortcuts and dishonesty.

Balinese Hero: Confrontation of Legends

Moral Emphasis: Honesty and Attitudinal Differences Shaping Destiny

From the story of I Cupak and I Grantang, we learn that a person’s attitude can greatly influence their fate. Honesty, courage, and hard work are values that not only lead to better outcomes but also shape the direction of one’s life. In this story, I Grantang demonstrates consistent bravery and hard work, which eventually lead him to happiness and recognition as a hero. On the other hand, I Cupak, who chose the path of deceit and temporary comfort, faces the consequences of his lies.

The lesson to be learned from this story is that although deceit may offer temporary gain, in the end, goodness and courage will always be more highly valued. Honesty brings peace and true happiness, while lies and trickery only lead to destruction. Honesty is not just about speaking the truth, but also about actions that align with good values, which ultimately lead to a more meaningful and respected life.

Ande-Ande Lumut and Klenting Kuning

Courage and Loyalty: The Adventure of Ande Ande Lumut

Edisi Bahasa Indonsia: Ande-Ande Lumur dan Klenting Kuning

Folklore from East Java

In a prosperous kingdom, there lived a brave young man named Prince Kusumayuda. He was known for his kindness and fairness toward his people. However, one day, a great calamity befell the kingdom, forcing the prince to go into hiding. Leaving his palace behind, he disguised himself as a common villager and lived in a remote village under the name Ande Ande Lumut.

Meanwhile, in another place, there lived a young woman named Klenting Kuning. However, behind her appearance as an ordinary village girl, she was actually Princess Sekartaji, who had disguised herself to protect herself from the threats of her stepmother. Beyond her beauty, she possessed great courage and a kind heart. Since childhood, Klenting Kuning had secretly harbored feelings for Prince Kusumayuda, even though fate had separated them without certainty. However, a journey filled with challenges was about to bring them back together in an extraordinary adventure—one that would reveal their true identities.

The Journey Toward Destiny

One day, news spread that Ande Ande Lumut was seeking a bride. Young women from all over the village eagerly rushed to win his heart. Kleting Kuning, suspecting that Ande Ande Lumut might be Prince Kusumayuda in disguise, decided to take on the challenge.

Together with her stepsisters, Kleting Kuning embarked on a journey to the village where Ande Ande Lumut resided. However, the journey was not easy. They had to cross a vast river guarded by Yuyu Kangkang, a greedy and cunning giant crab.

“If you wish to cross, I have one condition,” Yuyu Kangkang declared in his deep, rumbling voice. “Once you reach the other side, you must give me a kiss as a token of gratitude!”

The other young women, eager to meet Ande Ande Lumut and become his bride, quickly agreed to the crab’s demand. They forgot about dignity and self-respect, willing to do anything to seize the opportunity. But Kleting Kuning refused firmly.

“I would rather fail than sacrifice my dignity to a creature as wicked as you!” she declared boldly.

Her anger fueled her determination. Upon reaching the other side of the river, Kleting Kuning quickly smeared chicken droppings on her cheeks. Disgusted, Yuyu Kangkang recoiled, unwilling to come near her. With her cleverness and courage, Kleting Kuning successfully crossed without yielding to Yuyu Kangkang’s demands.

The Truth Revealed

Upon arriving at Ande Ande Lumut’s village, the young women eagerly awaited their turn to be chosen. One by one, they presented themselves before him, but he rejected them all.

However, when Kleting Kuning entered the room, Ande Ande Lumut’s heart stirred. There was something different about her. The look in her eyes reminded him of someone from his past—someone he had been forced to leave behind.

As their conversation deepened, Kleting Kuning recounted her journey, including how she had refused to submit to Yuyu Kangkang.

Hearing this, Ande Ande Lumut smiled and nodded. He stood and proclaimed loudly:

“This is the woman I have been searching for! Only one with true loyalty and courage deserves to be by my side!”

At that moment, a great secret was revealed. Ande Ande Lumut disclosed that he was, in fact, Prince Kusumayuda. Kleting Kuning was stunned, but her heart swelled with joy as fate finally reunited them.

A Happy Ending

Prince Kusumayuda chose Kleting Kuning as his bride, not only for her beauty but for her unwavering courage and sincerity. Meanwhile, the other women who had sacrificed their dignity to Yuyu Kangkang felt deep regret. They realized that true love cannot be won through deception or compromise of self-respect.

Together, Prince Kusumayuda and Kleting Kuning returned to the kingdom, restoring peace and ruling with justice and wisdom.

Moral Lessons

🌟 Loyalty is priceless. Never sacrifice your dignity or values for something that merely looks promising.

🔥 Courage leads us to our true destiny. Kleting Kuning had the bravery to reject Yuyu Kangkang’s demands and take the harder path, but in the end, she found true happiness.

💎 Honesty always prevails. True love and loyalty are always valued more than deception and empty promises.

Conclusion

This story is not just about love, but also about courage, dignity, and the virtues of life. Young readers can learn that courage and loyalty are the keys to finding true happiness. 💖✨

David and Goliath: The Javanese Tale

Sura and Baya (Rhyming Story)

Surabaya's Tale

Edisi Bahasa Indonesia: Kisah Surabaya

In East Java’s land, a story was sung,

Of Sura the shark, and Baya the strong,

Sura vs Baya

Both were pals, but hunger struck them wild,

Their friendship soured when cravings compiled.

Sura and Baya, a quarrel arose,

For a goat appeared, as lunch, it chose,

“This meal is mine!” Baya claimed it first,

“No, I'm famished, this hunger's the worst!”

Their tussle began, fierce and long,

Hours passed, fatigue grew strong.

Sura, at last, spoke in a tired tone,

“Enough of this fighting, it's time to atone.”

“I tire too, Sura, what should we do?”

Sura proposed, “Let's split, me and you.

I'll dwell in the water, you take the land,

No more encounters, let's shake hands.”

Baya mused, “A moment, let me ponder.”

“Agreed,” he consented, no more squandered.

The shark roamed the sea, the croc on the shore,

Peace was struck, their fighting no more.

But a day arrived when hunger ran rife,

Sura ventured inland, seeking life.

The river's bounty lured him in,

Breaking the pact, an agreement's thin.

“Hey, this is mine!” Baya's voice echoed,

“But water’s here, it's a common flow!”

Their battle rekindled, a fierce uproar,

Biting and clawing, to settle the score.

Baya’s tail felt Sura’s sharp nip,

In turn, Sura felt Baya's grip.

Exhausted, Sura yielded the fight,

Back to the sea, out of sight.

The battleground bore scars, a gory sight,

Stained with blood in the fading light.

Surabaya, the name they gave,

From Sura and Baya, the ocean's wave.

Their tale is now a city's emblem bold,

Symbolizing peace, or a story retold.

A moral whispers: "Keep promises close,

Breaking them leads to troubles and woes."

Honor the pacts, agreements, and more,

For trust and commitments, in life they soar.

Cooperation and sharing, lessons bright,

In unity and harmony, they take flight.

The Full Story: Birth of Surabaya

If you seek the full tale, venture forth to: 👉 The Legend of Surabaya

Jaka Tarub

The Life Journey and Mission of Kyai Ageng Tarub

Esdisi Bahasa Indonesia: Jaka Tarub

Folklore from East Java

Kyai Ageng Tarub, originally named Sayyid Ibrahim, was the son of Syekh Maulana Malik Ibrahim or Sunan Gresik. He was raised and educated by his father, following the tradition of the pious figures of Islam. As was customary, when young individuals reached adulthood and had acquired sufficient knowledge and understanding, they were instructed to propagate the teachings of Islam.

Upon bidding farewell to his parents, Kyai Ageng Tarub embarked on a journey to spread the teachings of Islam. During his travels, he encountered a woman named Dewi Kasihan, who was speaking near a grave. This woman had lost her husband, Aryo Penanggungan, and had not been blessed with a child. Dewi Kasihan's compassion for her late husband led her to visit his grave daily. Seeing her plight, Kyai Ageng Tarub felt deep sympathy for her lonely and modest life.

One day, he feigned unconsciousness near Dewi Kasihan's house, and she came to his aid. After awakening and sharing a meal, Kyai Ageng Tarub was asked about his origins and destination. He replied that he was lost and without a purpose, as he was an orphan. Dewi Kasihan then adopted him as her own son and named him Jaka Tarub after the village he hailed from.

Jaka Tarub quickly gained popularity due to his striking looks and his generous nature. Anyone who sought his assistance received it willingly. Rumors of Dewi Kasihan's adopted son, known for his striking appearance, spread to neighboring villages. People from all around flocked to witness the truth. Dewi Kasihan, once impoverished, became wealthy from the contributions of these visitors.

Apart from helping Dewi Kasihan, Jaka Tarub frequently ventured into the forest for hunting. Deep in the woods, he met an elderly man who endowed him with exceptional knowledge and skills, specifically the power of Tulup Tunjung Lanang. This knowledge would later play a significant role in Kyai Ageng Tarub's life.

One day, while hunting in the forest, Jaka Tarub heard the melodious song of a turtledove. He tried to approach and shot an arrow, but he missed. Convinced that this bird was no ordinary creature, he pursued it further. The bird led him to different directions, and each place where the bird had perched acquired a distinct name.

Eventually, the turtledove landed on an asam tree. Jaka Tarub shot another arrow, but the bird didn't budge. Deep in thought, he wondered if this was merely a bird or a temptation. However, his attention shifted when he overheard the sound of women bathing in a nearby spring. Entranced by the celestial nymphs, he watched their bathing rituals. In a moment of weakness, Jaka Tarub took one of their shawls and brought it home, hiding it beneath a heap of black rice.

When the celestial nymphs returned to the sky, they were one shawl short. Nawang Wulan, the nymph he had seen, remained behind. Over time, Jaka Tarub and Nawang Wulan formed a bond, and they eventually married. They had three daughters, and life was happy.

Yet, when Jaka Tarub discovered Nawang Wulan's culinary magic, he couldn't resist revealing her secret by lifting the lid of her cooking pot. This action led to the loss of her magical cooking abilities and resulted in hardship. Further events unfolded, including the discovery of Nawang Wulan's lost shawl, her return to the celestial realm, and the promise of a reunion under the full moon.

Jaka Tarub kept his promise to bring his daughter out during the full moon, but Nawang Wulan never returned. Her absence left him heartbroken.

The Majestic and Noble Jaka Tarub

Jaka Tarub is also renowned as the Majestic and Noble Jaka Tarub. This legend holds a special place in the hearts of the Javanese people. Jaka Tarub is celebrated as a figure of great nobility and wisdom. He is honored for his role in transmitting Islam's teachings and for his extraordinary character.

His story is deeply rooted in the Javanese cultural and historical landscape. The legend tells of Jaka Tarub's journey to meet and marry Dewi Nawang Wulan, a celestial nymph. In some versions of the tale, his character is portrayed differently, but these variations are all part of the rich folklore tapestry. Their union results in the birth of three daughters, and Jaka Tarub's enduring legacy includes his noble character and virtuous deeds.

Calon Arang

Calon Arang >> Edisi Bahasa Indonesia

Folklore from Java and Bali

In the village of Girah, Kediri Kingdom

Long ago, in the village of Girah within the Kediri Kingdom, lived a cruel widow known as Calon Arang, a notorious black sorceress. Despite her evil ways, Calon Arang had a beautiful daughter named Ratna Manggali. Unfortunately, because of the villagers' fear of Calon Arang, no one dared to propose to her daughter.

At Calon Arang’s residence

One evening, Calon Arang sat in her yard, her anger bubbling up.

"How is it possible that my beautiful daughter has no suitors?!" she shouted, clenching her fists. “This is all because of you cowardly villagers!”

Ratna Manggali, standing nearby, bowed her head sadly, feeling helpless about her situation.

"Mother, please calm yourself. It’s not their fault. Maybe the time for me to marry hasn’t come yet," she said softly, hoping to soothe her mother’s rage.

But Calon Arang was unmoved.

"No! I won’t let them live in peace! They must pay for this!"

With her heart full of revenge, Calon Arang decided to curse the village of Girah. That very night, she went to the cemetery, bringing offerings for the goddess Durga.

At the Cemetery of Girah

In the middle of the night, Calon Arang began her ritual. Smoke from the incense rose high into the sky, and mystical chants flowed from her lips. Determined, she called upon the goddess Durga.

"Goddess Durga, I beg you, descend and grant my wish! Curse this village that has insulted me and my daughter!"

Not long after, the sky turned dark, and a great storm swept through. Durga granted Calon Arang’s request, and the curse began to take hold. A massive flood swept over Girah, destroying homes and claiming many lives. Those who survived the flood were soon struck by a mysterious illness that no one could cure. The plague spread, causing death everywhere.

At Kediri Palace

News of the disaster that had befallen the village of Girah eventually reached King Airlangga in the Royal Palace. With a serious expression, he summoned his trusted advisor, Mpu Bharadah, to discuss the matter.

"Mpu Bharadah, I have sent my troops to stop Calon Arang, but they were defeated. What should we do?" the king asked, his voice filled with concern.

Mpu Bharadah thought for a moment, then offered a solution. "I have a plan, Your Majesty. I will send my disciple, Mpu Bahula, to propose to Calon Arang's daughter, Ratna Manggali. Through this, we can approach Calon Arang without shedding blood."

The Proposal and Wedding

The plan was set in motion. Mpu Bahula traveled to the village of Girah and proposed to Ratna Manggali. Overjoyed, Calon Arang accepted the proposal, as her daughter had finally found a suitor. They held a grand wedding celebration that lasted seven days and seven nights.

After the wedding, Bahula learned Calon Arang's secret from Ratna Manggali. He discovered that Calon Arang possessed a magical scroll that she used to summon dark forces. One night, Bahula snuck into Calon Arang’s chamber while she slept soundly and stole the scroll.

The Final Battle

When Calon Arang realized her magical scroll was missing, she flew into a fury. At the same time, Mpu Bharadah arrived in the village of Girah to confront her.

"Calon Arang, stop this evil at once. Look at the suffering you’ve caused!" Mpu Bharadah demanded firmly.

But Calon Arang refused to listen. _"I don’t care! Anyone who stands in my way will be destroyed!"_

A fierce battle broke out. But without her magical scroll, Calon Arang could not match Mpu Bharadah’s strength. She was defeated in the end.

After the Battle

Ratna Manggali wept bitterly as she saw her mother lying lifeless on the ground. Despite all the evil her mother had done, she could not deny the love she had for her.

"Mother, I know you did terrible things, but I still love you," she whispered tearfully.

Mpu Bharadah approached and spoke wisely, "Your mother’s death was justice for this village. But remember, you can live with your own name, free from the shadow of her sins."

Since Calon Arang’s death, the village of Girah returned to peace and tranquility. Ratna Manggali and Mpu Bahula lived happily together, and the curse that had haunted the village was lifted at last.

Moral Message:

The moral message of this story emphasizes the destructive nature of vengeance and how it can bring harm not only to others but also to oneself and loved ones. Calon Arang's anger and refusal to let go of her resentment led to suffering for an entire village, and ultimately, her own downfall. The story also highlights the importance of compassion, wisdom, and justice, as shown by Mpu Bharadah's approach in resolving the conflict. Even though Calon Arang loved her daughter, her inability to control her rage and malice overshadowed her care, illustrating how unchecked emotions can lead to ruin. Forgiveness and thoughtful actions are key to achieving peace and harmony.

Calon Arang Painting

The Twin Masks

The Twin Masks Dance: A Tale of Love, Honesty, and Artistic Legacy from East Java

Topeng Kembar >> Edisi Indonesia

Long ago in East Java, there was a prosperous kingdom called Bintolo. The kingdom was renowned not only for its wealth but also for the unparalleled beauty of its princess, Princess Ratna. Her charm and grace were legendary, spreading far and wide, capturing the hearts of countless young men who dreamed of winning her hand. Suitors from all walks of life flocked to the palace with high hopes—nobles bearing extravagant gifts and wealthy merchants promising endless riches for the kingdom. However, Princess Ratna politely declined them all. With a gentle yet firm tone, she would always say, “I am not ready to marry.”

Her decision became the talk of the kingdom, sparking curiosity among the people and the royal advisors. What was the princess waiting for? Was she holding out for someone truly special, or was there a deeper reason behind her refusals? Yet, Princess Ratna carried on with her life undisturbed. She spent her days strolling through the royal gardens, tending to her beloved flowers, or gazing into the horizon as if pondering a secret known only to her. Her beauty and kind heart only added to her admirers’ infatuation, even though they knew her heart would not be easily won.

Princess Ratna’s demeanor revealed that she was no ordinary princess. She was not only beautiful but also intelligent and wise. Deep within her heart, she believed that marriage was not just about wealth or status; it was about true love and mutual understanding. This belief, deeply rooted within her, remained steadfast despite increasing pressure from those around her. The people of the kingdom began to wonder—would Princess Ratna one day find her true love, or would she choose a path unlike any other royal princess?

In a small village near the kingdom, there lived a young man named Arga. He was a skilled mask maker who lived with his widowed mother. Arga’s masks were famous for their lifelike artistry, but despite his talent, he struggled with self-esteem because of his appearance. His features were far from the societal standards of beauty, and he often avoided public events.

Arga's Hidden Love

One day, while delivering masks to the palace for an upcoming festival, Arga saw Princess Ratna. Her grace and kindness captivated him instantly. But Arga knew he had no chance with her. "How can someone like me propose to her? She even refuses the handsome and rich men," he thought.

Yet, no matter how hard he tried, he could not stop thinking about her. His longing for the princess grew so intense that he lost his appetite and could not sleep. His mother, noticing his worsening condition, became deeply concerned.

“What’s wrong, my son? Please tell me,” she pleaded.

Arga hesitated but finally confessed, “Mother, I... I love the princess. But look at me. I’m sure she would never accept someone as ugly as me.”

His mother pondered for a moment and then said, “My dear, you are a gifted mask maker. Why don’t you use your talent to craft a handsome mask? Wear it, and go propose to the princess. Let your work speak for your worth.”

The Handsome Mask

Inspired by his mother's heartfelt advice, Arga, a humble young man with extraordinary artistic talent, began creating the finest work of his life. He spent his days in his small workshop, surrounded by wood, chisels, and paint, sculpting a mask that would change his destiny. This mask was not just a piece of art, but a manifestation of his dreams— a handsome face that exuded strength, courage, and an irresistible charm.

Arga poured his heart and soul into every detail of the mask. Each groove and curve was a reflection of his own journey, the struggles he had endured, and the desires he had kept hidden for so long. When the mask was finally complete, he stood before a mirror, hesitating for a moment before donning it. The transformation was nothing short of extraordinary. As the mask settled into place, Arga felt like a completely new person. His sharp gaze, chiseled jawline, and smile radiated newfound confidence— a sight that even his mother, who had known him his whole life, couldn’t help but admire.

"Arga, you look like a true prince," his mother said, tears welling up in her eyes. "Now go, and chase the dreams you’ve always kept inside."

With this renewed sense of self-assurance, Arga donned his finest clothes, though they were modest compared to the attire of the noblemen. But with the mask on, he felt like royalty. He walked with determination as he made his way to the palace, ready to present his proposal to Princess Ratna, the woman he had admired from afar for so long.

Upon arriving at the palace, the guards, usually stern and unyielding, stepped aside, charmed by the presence of the man who seemed to possess an aura of nobility. Arga entered the grand hall, where Princess Ratna often received suitors. The courtiers, noblemen, and merchants whispered among themselves, captivated by the mysterious figure before them.

A Royal Proposal

“Your Majesty,” Arga said, bowing deeply to the king, his voice steady but filled with anticipation. “I have come to ask for your daughter’s hand in marriage.” His words, though simple, carried the weight of sincerity and admiration that had been building in his heart for so long.

King Rajendra, a wise and just ruler, studied Arga intently. He was impressed not only by the young man’s striking appearance but also by the respectful way he presented himself. He could see that Arga was no ordinary suitor. The king turned to his daughter, Princess Ratna, who stood beside him, her grace unmatched in the entire kingdom. “Princess, a fine young man has come to propose to you,” he said, his voice filled with both curiosity and pride. “He seems worthy of your consideration. But ultimately, the choice is yours.”

Princess Ratna looked at Arga, her eyes widening as she took in his handsome features, the strong lines of his face, and the confident yet humble way he stood before her. His charm was undeniable, but it wasn’t just his appearance that caught her attention—it was the calm yet passionate energy that radiated from him. She had heard many proposals, from noblemen and princes, but something about Arga stirred her heart. His presence was like a breath of fresh air.

As she gazed at him, she couldn’t help but think, “He is the most handsome man I’ve ever seen, and yet, there is something deeper—something more genuine about him. I can feel it in my heart.”

Without hesitation, Princess Ratna stepped forward, her eyes locking with Arga’s. Her voice was soft but firm as she spoke, “I accept your proposal, Arga. I believe that you are the one I’ve been waiting for.”

A wave of relief and joy washed over Arga, but his heart swelled with pride and gratitude. This was the moment he had longed for, but he knew that this was not just a victory of appearances—it was the triumph of his true self, the person he had always hoped to become.

King Rajendra nodded approvingly, seeing the genuine love that had already begun to blossom between the two. “Then it is settled,” the king said. “You have my blessing, Arga. May your union bring happiness and prosperity to our kingdom.”

And so, with the king’s approval and the princess’s acceptance, Arga and Princess Ratna embarked on a journey that would forever change their lives, bound by love and the promise of a future built on trust, respect, and shared dreams.

Truth Unveiled

At first, Arga was overjoyed. His dream had come true—he was going to marry Princess Ratna. But as the days passed, guilt weighed heavily on him. He realized the princess had fallen in love not with him, but with the mask.

On the eve of their wedding, Arga summoned his courage and confessed everything to the princess and the king. He removed the mask and said, “This is the real me. I cannot marry you under false pretenses. I leave the decision to you.”

To his surprise, Princess Ratna smiled gently. “It is true that I admired your appearance when we first met. But now, I love you for your kindness, honesty, and talent. I want you just as you are. In fact, I want you to make another mask like yours for me to wear during our wedding. Let our union celebrate your artistry and our love.”

The Twin Masks Dance

During the wedding, Princess Ratna and Arga both wore identical masks. The guests were astonished and moved by the story behind the masks. Inspired by their tale, the villagers created a dance called Joged Topeng Kembar, or the Twin Masks Dance, to honor the couple’s unique love story and the importance of inner beauty over outer appearances.

To this day, the Twin Masks Dance is performed in Lumajang, East Java, as a symbol of love, honesty, and the artistry of mask-making, keeping the legend of Arga and Princess Ratna alive for generations.

Anoher dance from Lumajang: Tari Topeng Kaliwungu

True Love and the Power of Honesty
This story reminds us that true love is not based on physical appearance but grows from sincerity and genuine connection. While external beauty may capture attention, it is truth and honesty that deepen and sustain love. The tale also highlights the importance of self-acceptance and embracing others for who they truly are, fostering authentic and meaningful relationships.

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The Legend of Panekan

Legenda Panekan >> Edisi Bahasa Indonesia

Folklore from East Java

“Where are you going?”

“I need some water for my cattle. They are thirsty.”

“Where are you going to find it?”

“I don’t know.”

It was a very common conversation for people in Magetan, East Java, a long time ago. They did not have enough water.

They needed water for their daily needs, such as taking a bath and washing dishes and clothes. They also needed water for their cattle and trees.

Actually they were quite lucky because the land was fertile. However, since they did not have enough water, the villagers could not plant a lot of trees. Therefore, the villagers sometimes had to walk very far away to find water.

In every morning, the head of the village always asked some young men to find water. In one afternoon, the young men came home with good news.

“There was a water spring far from here. However, it was very difficult to go there.”

“Well, who dares to go there?” asked the head of the village.

Some young men raised their hands.

“We will go there, Sir.”

Then those young men went to the water spring. They were right. The place was not easy to reach. They had to be very careful.

And finally they arrived. However, they saw a girl was there first. They were surprised. They all thought that a girl could not go there.

“Maybe she is not really human, maybe she is an angel,” said one man.

“Come on, let’s approach her,” said another man.

Strangely, before the men came to her, the girl disappeared.

“Look! She is over there!” he pointed to one place.

They immediately ran to come to her. Again, the girl disappeared.

“Look! What is that? It is shining!”

Exactly on the ground where the girl was standing, they found a big diamond. The diamond was

next to the well. Then they brought home the diamond and a lot of water.

When they showed the diamond to the head of the village, he said, “Our great great grand parents named this kind of diamond as Manikan.”

Then he continued.

“Since the diamond was found next to the water spring. So let’s name the water spring as Manikan.”

Everybody agreed. Since then the area was named Manikan. The word Manikan had changed into Panekan. And now Panekan has become a great area in East Java. The people are happy because they have fertile land. ***

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Dewi Kilisuci and Lembu Suro

Dewi Kilisuci dan Lembu Suro | Edisi Indonesia

Folklore from East Java

A long time ago, there was a kingdom in Kediri, East Java. The king had a very beautiful daughter. Her name was Dewi Kilisuci. The princess was very beautiful. She was very famous. Many young men fell in love with her. They proposed the princess to be their wife. However the princess always rejected the proposal.

One of the men who came and proposed the princess was King Lembu Suro. He was not an ordinary king. He had great supernatural power. And he looked very strange. He did not have a human head. Instead, his head exactly looked like a bull. That was why his name was Lembu, which means a cow.

Dewi Kilisuci was very confused. She knew that King Lembu Suro was very powerful. He had many soldiers. Some of them were genies. She also knew that the king was very mean. He would hit and destroy anything if his wishes did not come true. The princess was thinking how she could refuse the proposal. And then, she got an idea.

"I will accept your proposal. However, I have one request," said the princess.

"Ha..ha..ha.. I'm glad you will accept my proposal. Just tell me, My Dear. What can I do for you? With my power, I can do anything," said King Lembu Suro.

"Listen. I want to take a bath on the top of a mountain. And I want to do it on the top of Kelud Mountain. However, there is no a well there. I want you to dig and make a deep well," asked the princess.

"That's all? Ha..ha..ha.. that's so easy for me," said King Lembu Suro.

Princess Dewi Kilisuci was silent. She did not think that the king would accepted the challenge.

She was thinking and finally she got another idea.

"No, that's not all. I want you to finish the well within one night. The well has to be finished before sunrise" said the princess.

"Ha..ha..ha.. that's still not a problem for me. Just wait, you will see the well to be ready early in the morning."

The princess was so scared. She hoped the king could not finish the well before sunrise. Sadly, her fear came true. The king could finish the well before sunrise. He asked all his genies soldiers to make the well.

"I have finished the well. Now will you marry me?" asked the king.

The princess was thinking another idea. And she got a good one. She asked all the kingdom soldiers to accompany her.

"I'm not going to believe it if I don't see it with my own eyes."

"No problem, I will take you there."

"OK but you have to go alone. Don't bring your soldiers. Meanwhile, I will bring my soldiers,"
said the princess.

Later, King Lembu Suro, Princess Dewi Kili Suci, and her soldiers went to the top of Kelud Mountain. When they reached the top, the princess pretended to be amazed with the well.

While she was standing at the side of the well, she dropped her ring.

King Lembu Suro did not want to see the princess sad. He jumped to the well to take the ring. And when the king was inside the well, the princess immediately asked her soldiers to close the well with big stones.

The stones were very big. King Lembu Suro was helpless. He was trapped inside the well. However before the well was completely closed, he was cursing.

"Some day, I will destroy this area! I will make this mountain erupt!"

Everyone who heard the curse was scared. To avoid the curse from happening they regularly gave offering. The habit continues until now. People always give offering with hope that their place will be safe from the Mount Kelud eruption.***